The Trusted IRIX/CMW system relies on a number of administrative data files to provide crucial information for the system. It is the job of the system administrator to keep these files correct and up to date.
![]() | Note: The covici command can be used to maintain the administrative data files under revision control. For more information see the covici(1) man page. |
This chapter contains a list of the system data files found under the Trusted IRIX/CMW system and their formats and functions.
The outline format used in this chapter for describing each administrative data file is as follows:
Pathname: | The complete pathname of the file. | |
Description: | A complete description of the purpose of the file. | |
Syntax: | The syntax of a record or entry in the file. | |
MAC Label: | The default Mandatory Access Control (MAC) label associated with the file. A MAC label has two symmetric parts; the Mandatory Sensitivity (MSEN) portion and the Mandatory Integrity (MINT) portion, separated by a slash character (/). | |
DAC Permission: | The default Discretionary Access Control (DAC) permissions associated with the file. |
Sections in this chapter include:
The files described in this section are present in the home directory of each user. The MAC label of these files should be the minimum MAC label of the user.
Pathname: | ~/.rhosts | |
Description: | This file contains a list of hosts from which this user is allowed to initiate a remote session without additional authentication. For more information see the rhosts(4) man page. | |
Syntax: | command hostname username | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
The following files reside in the /var directory structure.
Pathname: | /var/adm/lastlog/username | ||
Description: | These files record information for use by the login program about your last login. | ||
Syntax: | A typical lastlog file might look like:
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MAC Label: | dblow | ||
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /var/adm/SYSLOG | ||
Description: | This file contains a log of all events corresponding to those selected in the /etc/syslog.conf file. For more information see the syslog(3C) man page. | ||
Syntax: | A typical SYSLOG file looks like:
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MAC Label: | dbadmin | ||
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /var/adm/oSYSLOG | ||
Description: | This file is a saved old version of the system log. For more information see the syslog(3C) man page. | ||
Syntax: | A typical oSYSLOG has records of the form:
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MAC Label: | dbadmin | ||
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /var/adm/OLDsulog | ||
Description: | This file is used for backups of the sulog file. For more information see the sulog(4) man page. | ||
Syntax: | Each entry in OLDsulog has the following form:
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MAC Label: | dbadmin | ||
DAC Permission: | -rw------- (600) root,sys |
Pathname: | /var/adm/sulog | ||
Description: | This file contains a log of all uses of the su command. For more information see the sulog(4) man page. | ||
Syntax: | Each entry in sulog has the following form:
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MAC Label: | dbadmin | ||
DAC Permission: | -rw------- (600) root,sys |
Pathname: | /var/adm/utmp | ||
Description: | This file holds user information for such commands as who, write, and login. For more information about this file, see the utmp(4) man page. | ||
Syntax: | Example:
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MAC Label: | dblow | ||
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /var/adm/wtmp | ||
Description: | This file contains one record per username with related information: inittab ID, device name connected to, process ID, type of entry (for example, a login process), exit status, and time the entry was made. For more information about this file see the utmp(4) man page. | ||
Syntax: | Example:
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MAC Label: | wildcard | ||
DAC Permission: | -rw-rw-r-- (664) root,sys |
The following files reside in the special /dev directory structure. These device files control the physical hardware.
Pathname: | /dev/console | |
Description: | The console provides the operator interface to the system. The operating system and system utility programs display error messages on the system console. The console is a logical terminal represented by a text window on the graphics monitor. The evaluated configuration does not support the option of using a serial terminal. The device special file /dev/console represents the system console. /dev/console is the slave side of pseudo-tty (see the pty(7) man page). | |
Syntax: | Special device file. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | crw--w--w- (622) root,sys |
Pathname: | /dev/klog | |
Description: | This the kernel error logging interface. When this device is open, messages printed by the kernel, which normally appear only in the system console window, also are buffered by the klog driver. The messages obtained by reading from this driver are the text of the kernel error messages. Normally, this device is opened and read by syslogd, the system logging daemon. For more information see the klog(7) man page. | |
Syntax: | Special device file. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | crw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /dev/kmem | |
Description: | This is a special file that is an image of the kernel virtual memory of the computer. It may be used, for example, to examine and even to patch the system memory. For more information see the kmem(7) man page. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | crw-r----- (640) root,sys |
Pathname: | /dev/log | |
Description: | This file is a named pipe that is read by syslogd as a source of system log messages. If a program writes error messages to /dev/log, syslogd receives the messages and places them in the system log. For more information see the log(7) man page. | |
Syntax | Named pipe. | |
MAC Label: | wildcard | |
DAC Permission: | prw-rw-rw- (666) root,sys |
The following files reside in the /etc directory structure.
Pathname: | /etc/TIMEZONE | |
Description: | This file contains the time zone (for example, EST), the hours of difference between the time zone and Greenwich time zone (for example, 5), and the alternative time zone (for example, EDT). All the information is in one line without any field separators. For more information see the timezone(4) man page. | |
Syntax: | TZ=timezone hours_from_GMT daylight_timezone | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/aliases | |
Description: | This file contains the user and group aliases used by sendmail. For more information about this file see the aliases(4) man page. | |
Syntax: |
| |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/capability | |||||
Description: | This file specifies the capabilities allowed for each user account on the system. Capabilities allow a process to perform a specific set of restricted operations without granting privileged access to the entire system. This file contains the following information for each account:
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For more information see the capability(4) man page. | ||||||
Syntax: | The following is a sample capability file:
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MAC Label: | dblow | |||||
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/clearance | |||||||||
Description: | This is the user label file. This file contains the following information for each user:
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For more information see the clearance(4) man page. | ||||||||||
Syntax: | The following is a sample clearance file:
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MAC Label: | dblow | |||||||||
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/cshrc | |
Description: | This file is the prototype .cshrc. | |
Syntax: | This file contains a sample of C-shell initialization commands. It is used as the default set of commands. For more information see the csh(1) man page. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/exports | |
Description: | This file describes the filesystem exported to NFS clients. For more information see the exports(4) man page. | |
Syntax: |
| |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/fstab | |
Description: | This file describes the filesystems and swapping partitions used by the local machine. For more information see the fstab(4) man page. | |
Syntax: |
| |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/gettydefs | |
Description: | This file contains information used by getty to set up the speed and terminal settings for a serial line. This file supplies information on what the login prompt should look like. It also supplies the speed to try next if the user indicates the current speed is not correct by typing a break character. For more information see the getty(1M) man page. | |
Syntax: | label# initial-flags # final-flags # login-prompt #next-label | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/group | |
Description: | This file is the definition file for user groups on the system. For more information see the group(4) man page, | |
Syntax: | groupname:epasswd:GID:[user1,user2] | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys | |
Dependencies: | /etc/passwd |
Pathname: | /etc/hosts | |
Description: | This file contains information regarding the known hosts on the network. For more information see the hosts(4) man page. | |
Syntax: | IP-address hostname alias[es] | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/hosts.equiv | |
Description: | This file contains a list of trusted hosts. When an rlogin, rcp, or rsh request from a listed host is made and the initiator of the request is also listed in the /etc/passwd file, no further validity checking is done as long as the login name and user ID number of the user on the remote host are identical to the listing in the local /etc/passwd file. If these conditions are met, rlogin does not prompt for a password, and rcp, and rsh complete successfully. So a remote user is “equivalenced” to a local user with the same user name and user ID number when the remote user's host name is found in hosts.equiv. | |
For more information see the host.equiv(4) man page. | ||
Syntax: | hostname | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/ioctl.syscon | |
Description: | This file defines the state of the console device. When init comes up at boot time, and whenever it switches out of single-user state to normal run states, it sets the ioctl states of the virtual console, /dev/console, to those modes saved in the file /etc/ioctl.syscon. This file is written by init whenever the single-user state is entered. | |
Syntax: | d26:1805:8bf:3b:0:3:1c:8:18:4:0:0:0:0:0:0 | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys | |
Referenced by: | init | |
Modified by: | init |
Pathname: | /etc/inetd.conf | |
Description: | This configuration file is read by inetd to control network services. For more information see the inetd(1M) man page. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/inittab | |
Description: | This file supplies the script to the init command's role as a general process dispatcher. The majority of init's process dispatching activity involves creating instances of the terminal line process, /etc/getty. Other processes typically dispatched by init are daemons and shells. For more information see the inittab(4) man page. | |
Syntax: | id:rstate:action:process | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/mail/submit.cf | |
Description: | This is the configuration file for the mail submission program which is used to submit Emails as invoked by programs (or users). For more information about this file, see the sendmail(8) man page. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/motd | |
Description: | This file is used for the “Message of the Day.” The system administrator can freely edit this file. The /etc/motd file is displayed each time a user logs in. For more information see the motd(4) man page. | |
Syntax: | ASCII text file. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/nologin | |
Description: | If the file is present, remote user logins via the network are not permitted. | |
Syntax: | There is no syntax to this file. The existence of the file is all that is required. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -r--r--r-- (444) root,sys | |
Dependencies: | login | |
Referenced by: | login |
Pathname: | /etc/opasswd | |
Description: | This file is a backup copy of /etc/passwd. | |
Syntax: | username:e_passwd[,Mmww|lock_char]:UID:GID:GECOS: $HOME:$SHELL | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/passwd | |||||||||||||||
Description: | This file contains information about the user. For trusted systems, the encrypted password should not be stored in this file. The encrypted password is kept in /etc/shadow. The passwd file contains the following information for each user:
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For more information see the passwd(1) man page. | ||||||||||||||||
Syntax: | username::UID:GID:GECOS: $HOME:$SHELL | |||||||||||||||
MAC Label: | dblow | |||||||||||||||
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/profile | |
Description: | This file is the prototype shell environment command file for use with /bin/sh. Commands in this file are executed when the shell starts up. For more information see the profile(4) man page. | |
Syntax: | ASCII text file. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/resolv.conf | |
Description: | This configuration file has several functions. It defines the default domain or the default domain search list. It specifies the ordering of host resolution services used by gethostbyname and gethostbyaddr. It lists Internet addresses of name servers. For more information see the resolv.conf(4) man page. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/rhost.conf | |
Description: | This file is the configuration file for the remote login and remote shell programs. It specifies the parameters under which remote logins and shells are allowed on your system from systems that share your security policy and those that do not. Default capability sets and allowed login labels are specified here. For more information see the rhost(1M) man page. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw------- (600) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/sendmail.cf | |
Description: | This is the configuration file for sendmail running as the mail transmission agent. It is used in conjunction with the auto configuration script configmail. For more information about this file, see the sendmail(8) man page. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/services | ||
Description: | The /etc/services file contains information regarding the known services available in the Internet. For more information see the services(4) man page. | ||
Syntax: | Example syntax:
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MAC Label: | dblow | ||
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/shadow | |||||
Description: | This is the user password file. This file contains the following information for each user:
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For more information see the shadow(4) man page. | ||||||
Syntax: | The following is a sample shadow file:
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MAC Label: | dblow | |||||
DAC Permission: | -rw------- (600) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/sys_id | |
Description: | This file contains the name by which the system is known on the network. For more information see the sys_id(4) man page. | |
Syntax: | hostname | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/syslog.conf | ||
Description: | This file directs the system log daemon (syslogd) to log messages in a given set of files. Each log message in a logfile is one line. For more information about this file see the syslogd(1M) man page. | ||
Syntax: | An example syslog.conf file:
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MAC Label: | dblow | ||
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/ttytype | ||
Description: | This file contains a list of the tty ports on the system and, for each port, the kind of terminal that is attached to it. For more information see the ttytype(4) man page. | ||
Syntax: | Example:
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MAC Label: | dblow | ||
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
All files in the /etc/config directory that lack suffixes contain only the words ``on'' or ``off.'' This indicates whether or not the named subsystem is activated at system startup time. Files with the suffix “.options” contain flags to the subsystem startup command.
Pathname: | /etc/config/acct | |
Description: | This file contains either the word “on” or “off.” If it contains “on,” process accounting is turned on by default. If it contains the word “off,” process accounting is not run by default. For more information about this file see the acct(1M) man page. | |
Syntax: | The word “on” or “off.” | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/config/automount | |
Description: | This file is used by the system to direct NFS to automatically mount network filesystems or not to mount them. For more information about this file see the automount(1M) man page. | |
Syntax: | The word “on” or “off.” | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/config/automount.options | |
Description: | This file contains the command-line options used by the automount command. For more information about this file see the automount(1M) man page. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -r--r--r-- (444) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/default/config | ||
Description: | This file controls the default actions of the login program, such as the number of unsuccessful attempts to log in or the timeout period while waiting for a password. This file is described in the login(4) man page. | ||
Syntax: | Example:
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MAC Label: | dblow | ||
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/config/named | |
Description: | This file directs the system to spawn or not to spawn the named domain name server. For more information about this file see the named(1M) man page. | |
Syntax: | The word “on” or “off.” | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/config/network | |
Description: | This file is used by the system to direct NFS to spawn the lock and status daemons or not to spawn them. For more information about this file see the network(1M) man page. | |
Syntax: | The word “on” or “off.” | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/config/nfs | |
Description: | This file is used by the system to start the NFS daemons and mount the network filesystems. For more information about this file see the nfs(4) man page. | |
Syntax: | The word “on” or “off.” | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys | |
Referenced by: | init |
Pathname: | /etc/config/rwhod | |
Description: | This file directs the system to spawn or not to spawn the rwhod server daemon. For more information about this file see the rwhod(1M) man page. | |
Syntax: | The word “on” or “off.” | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/config/satd.options | |
Description: | This option file contains saved satd options. A flag to satd fills this file with the current satd options. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/config/sat_select.options | |
Description: | This file contains saved options to sat_select. A flag to sat_select fills this file with the current sat_select options. For more information about this file see the sat_select(1M) man page. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/config/syslogd.options | |
Description: | This file contains command line options for the syslogd program. syslogd reads and logs messages into a set of files. For information about the syslogd program see the syslogd(1M) man page. | |
Syntax: | Optional site-specific flags belong in the options file. The available flags are: -f – Specify an alternate configuration file. -m – Select the number of minutes between mark messages. -d – Turn on debugging. -p – Use the given name for the named pipe instead of /dev/log. | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/config/timed | |
Description: | This file directs the system to spawn or not to spawn the timed clock controlling daemon. For more information about timed, see the timed(1M) man page. | |
Syntax: | The word “on” or “off.” | |
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Pathname: | /etc/config/timed.options | ||
Description: | This file contains the default optional flags used by timed, the time daemon used to synchronize the host's time with the time of other machines in a local area network. For more information see the timed(1M) man page. | ||
Syntax: | Default:
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MAC Label: | dblow | ||
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
The /etc/mac file contains seven fields: categorynames, divisionnames, gradenames, labelnames, levelnames, minttypenames, and msentypenames. All fields have three parts separated by colons: name, type, and value. All numerical values must be hexadecimal, with no leading zeros in the significant digits. For example, 0x77 is legal, but 0x077 and 156 are not legal.
The /etc/mac file has the following label and permission:
MAC Label: | dblow | |
DAC Permission: | -rw-r--r-- (644) root,sys |
Description: | This field associates a human readable text name with the category number. Typically, the category number is used to identify projects or areas (categories) of information. A category allows labels to have the same sensitivity level (such as proprietary) but different security labels by having different categories (such as a category named cashew and a category named pistachio). | ||
Syntax: | A categorynames field might look like:
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Description: | This field associates a human readable text name with the division number. The division number is a non-hierarchical value that indicates a grade type that this label includes. Typically, the division number is used to identify projects or areas (categories) of integrity. A division allows labels to have the same grade (such as highest grade), and to have different security labels by having different divisions (such as a division named cookie and a division named fudge). | ||
Syntax: | A divisionnames field might look like this:
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Description: | This field associates a human readable ASCII text name with the grade value. The grade value is a hierarchical value that indicates how trustworthy the label is. For example, the grade could have names such as Dubious, Suspect, Normal, Confident, Verified, TheTruth, and so on. | ||
Syntax: | A gradenames field might look like this:
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Description: | This field defines all the possible security labels in an ASCII text format. It associates an ASCII text name with a security label. This field defines the name of the security label, and the MSEN type, sensitivity level, MINT type, grade, categories and divisions. Interpretation of this field relies on the msentypenames, levelnames, minttypenames, gradenames, categorynames, and divisionnames data files to define components that are specified by name rather than by number. | ||
Syntax: | A labelnames field might look like this:
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Description: | This field associates a human readable ASCII text name with the sensitivity level value. The sensitivity level is a hierarchical value that indicates how sensitive the label is. For example, the sensitivity level could have names such as Sensitive, Classified, Secret, Top Secret, and so on. | ||
Syntax: | A typical levelnames field looks something like this:
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Description: | This field maps the MINT (Mandatory Integrity) type of a security label from an ASCII name to the numeric value. | ||
Syntax: | The default minttypenames field on your system looks like this:
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Description: | This field maps the MSEN type of a security label from an ASCII name to the numeric value. | ||
Syntax: | The default msentypenames field on your system looks like this:
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The following files reside in the /usr directory structure.
Pathname: | /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xresources | ||
Description: | This file contains default information about your X environment. For more information see the XDM(1) man page. | ||
Syntax: | The default Xresources file looks like this:
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MAC Label: | dblow | ||
DAC Permission: | -r--r--r-- (444) root,sys |