This chapter describes extensions to FORTRAN 77 that are related to the IRIX compiler and operating system.
“Library Functions”, summarizes the Fortran run-time library functions.
“Extended Intrinsic Subroutines”, describes the extensions to the Fortran intrinsic subroutines.
“Extended Intrinsic Functions”, describes the extensions to the Fortran functions.
The Fortran library functions provide an interface from Fortran programs to the IRIX system functions. System functions are facilities that are provided by the IRIX system kernel directly, as opposed to functions that are supplied by library code linked with your program.
Table 4-1 summarizes the functions in the Fortran run-time library. In general, the name of the interface routine is the same as the name of the system function that would be called from a C program. For details on a system interface routine use the following command:
man 2 name_of_function |
 | Note: You must declare the time function as EXTERNAL; if you do not, the compiler will assume you mean the VMS-compatible intrinsic time function rather than the IRIX system function. It is a usually a good idea to declare any library function in an EXTERNAL statement as documentation. |
Table 4-1. Summary of System Interface Library Routines
Function | Purpose |
|---|---|
abort(3f) | abnormal termination |
access(2) | determine accessibility of a file |
acct(2) | enable/disable process accounting |
alarm(3f) | execute a subroutine after a specified time |
barrier | perform barrier operations |
blockproc(2) | block processes |
brk(2) | change data segment space allocation |
close | close a file descriptor |
creat | create or rewrite a file |
ctime(3f) | return system time |
dtime(3f) | return elapsed execution time |
dup | duplicate an open file descriptor |
etime(3f) | return elapsed execution time |
exit(2) | terminate process with status |
fcntl(2) | file control |
fdate(3f) | return date and time in an ASCII string |
fgetc(3f) | get a character from a logical unit |
flush(3f) | flush output to a logical unit |
fork(2) | create a copy of this process |
fputc(3f) | write a character to a Fortran logical unit |
free_barrier | free barrier |
fseek(3f) | reposition a file on a logical unit |
fseek64(3f) | reposition a file on a logical unit for 64-bit architecture |
fstat(2) | get file status |
ftell(3f) | reposition a file on a logical unit |
ftell64(3f) | reposition a file on a logical unit for 64-bit architecture |
gerror(3f) | get system error messages |
getarg(3f) | return command line arguments |
getc(3f) | get a character from a logical unit |
getcwd | get pathname of current working directory |
getdents(2) | read directory entries |
getegid(2) | get effective group ID |
gethostid(2) | get unique identifier of current host |
getenv(3f) | get value of environment variables |
geteuid(2) | get effective user ID |
getgid(2) | get user or group ID of the caller |
gethostname (2) | get current host ID |
getlog(3f) | get user's login name |
getpgrp | get process group ID |
getpid | get process ID |
getppid | get parent process ID |
getsockopt (2) | get options on sockets |
getuid(2) | get user or group ID of caller |
gmtime(3f) | return system time |
iargc(3f) | return command line arguments |
idate(3f) | return date or time in numerical form |
ierrno(3f) | get system error messages |
ioctl(2) | control device |
isatty(3f) | determine if unit is associated with tty |
itime(3f) | return date or time in numerical form |
kill(2) | send a signal to a process |
link(2) | make a link to an existing file |
loc(3f) | return the address of an object |
lseek(2) | move read/write file pointer |
lseek64(2) | move read/write file pointer for 64-bit architecture |
lstat(2) | get file status |
ltime(3f) | return system time |
m_fork | create parallel processes |
m_get_myid | get task ID |
m_get_numprocs | get number of subtasks |
m_kill_procs | kill process |
m_lock | set global lock |
m_next | return value of counter |
m_park_procs | suspend child processes |
m_rele_procs | resume child processes |
m_set_procs | set number of subtasks |
m_sync | synchronize all threads |
m_unlock | unset a global lock |
mkdir(2) | make a directory |
mknod(2) | make a directory/file |
mount(2) | mount a filesystem |
new_barrier | initialize a barrier structure |
nice | lower priority of a process |
open(2) | open a file |
oserror(3f) | get/set system error |
pause(2) | suspend process until signal |
perror(3f) | get system error messages |
pipe(2) | create an interprocess channel |
plock(2) | lock process, test, or data in memory |
prctl(2) | control processes |
profil(2) | execution-time profile |
ptrace | process trace |
putc(3f) | write a character to a Fortran logical unit |
putenv(3f) | set environment variable |
qsort(3f) | quick sort |
read | read from a file descriptor |
readlink | read value of symbolic link |
rename(3f) | change the name of a file |
rmdir(2) | remove a directory |
sbrk(2) | change data segment space allocation |
schedctl(2) | call to scheduler control |
send(2) | send a message to a socket |
setblockproccnt (2) | set semaphore count |
setgid | set group ID |
sethostid(2) | set current host ID |
setoserror (3f) | set system error |
setpgrp(2) | set process group ID |
setsockopt (2) | set options on sockets |
setuid | set user ID |
sginap(2) | put process to sleep |
sginap64(2) | put process to sleep in 64-bit environment |
shmat(2) | attach shared memory |
shmdt(2) | detach shared memory |
sighold(2) | raise priority and hold signal |
sigignore(2) | ignore signal |
signal(2) | change the action for a signal |
sigpause(2) | suspend until receive signal |
sigrelse(2) | release signal and lower priority |
sigset(2) | specify system signal handling |
sleep(3f) | suspend execution for an interval |
socket(2) | create an endpoint for communication TCP |
sproc(2) | create a new share group process |
stat(2) | get file status |
stime(2) | set time |
symlink(2) | make symbolic link |
sync | update superblock |
sysmp(2) | control multiprocessing |
sysmp64(2) | control multiprocessing in 64-bit environment |
system(3f) | issue a shell command |
taskblock | block tasks |
taskcreate | create a new task |
taskctl | control task |
taskdestroy | kill task |
tasksetblockcnt | set task semaphore count |
taskunblock | unblock task |
time(3f) | return system time (must be declared EXTERNAL) |
ttynam(3f) | find name of terminal port |
uadmin | administrative control |
ulimit(2) | get and set user limits |
ulimit64(2) | get and set user limits in 64-bit architecture |
umask | get and set file creation mask |
umount(2) | dismount a file system |
unblockproc (2) | unblock processes |
unlink(2) | remove a directory entry |
uscalloc | shared memory allocator |
uscalloc64 | shared memory allocator in 64-bit environment |
uscas | compare and swap operator |
usclosepollsema | detach file descriptor from a pollable semaphore |
usconfig | semaphore and lock configuration operations |
uscpsema | acquire a semaphore |
uscsetlock | unconditionally set lock |
usctlsema | semaphore control operations |
usdumplock | dump lock information |
usdumpsema | dump semaphore information |
usfree | user shared memory allocation |
usfreelock | free a lock |
usfreepollsema | free a pollable semaphore |
usfreesema | free a semaphore |
usgetinfo | exchange information through an arena |
usinit | semaphore and lock initialize routine |
usinitlock | initialize a lock |
usinitsema | initialize a semaphore |
usmalloc | allocate shared memory |
usmalloc64 | allocate shared memory in 64-bit environment |
usmallopt | control allocation algorithm |
usnewlock | allocate and initialize a lock |
usnewpollsema | allocate and initialize a pollable semaphore |
usnewsema | allocate and initialize a semaphore |
usopenpollsema | attach a file descriptor to a pollable semaphore |
uspsema | acquire a semaphore |
usputinfo | exchange information through an arena |
usrealloc | user share memory allocation |
usrealloc64 | user share memory allocation in 64-bit environment |
ussetlock | set lock |
ustestlock | test lock |
ustestsema | return value of semaphore |
usunsetlock | unset lock |
usvsema | free a resource to a semaphore |
uswsetlock | set lock |
wait(2) | wait for a process to terminate |
write | write to a file |
You can use the datapool statement to cause Fortran interprocess data sharing. However, this is a nonstandard statement. The datapool statement is a way that different processes can use to access the same pool of common symbols. Any processes can access the shared datapool by linking with the datapool DSO. For more information see the datapool(5) reference page.
This section describes the intrinsic subroutines that are extensions to FORTRAN 77. The intrinsic functions that are standard to FORTRAN 77 are documented in Appendix A of the MIPSpro Fortran 77 Language Reference Manual. The rules for using the names of intrinsic subroutines are also discussed in that appendix.
The DATE routine returns the current date as set by the system; the format is as follows:
CALL DATE (buf)
The buf argument is a variable, array, array element, or character substring nine bytes long. After the call, buf contains an ASCII variable in the format dd-mmm-yy , where dd is the date in digits, mmm is the month in alphabetic characters, and yy is the year in digits.
The IDATE routine returns the current date as three integer values representing the month, date, and year; the format is as follows:
CALL IDATE (m, d,y)
The m, d, and y arguments are either INTEGER*4 or INTEGER*2 values representing the current month, day and year. For example, the values of m, d, and y on August 10, 1989, are the following:
m = 8 d = 10 y = 89 |
The ERRSNS routine returns information about the most recent program error; the format is as follows:
CALL ERRSNS (arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5)
The arguments (arg1, arg2, and so on) can be either INTEGER*4 or INTEGER*2 variables. On return from ERRSNS, the arguments contain the information shown in the following table.
| Argument | Contents |
| arg1 | IRIX global variable errno, which is then reset to zero after the call |
| arg2 | Zero |
| arg3 | Zero |
| arg4 | Logical unit number of the file that was being processed when the error occurred |
| arg5 | Zero |
Although only arg1 and arg4 return relevant information, arg2, arg3, and arg5 are always required.
The EXIT routine causes normal program termination and optionally returns an exit-status code; the format is as follows:
CALL EXIT (status)
The status argument is an INTEGER*4 or INTEGER*2 argument containing a status code.
The TIME routine returns the current time in hours, minutes, and seconds; the format is as follows:
CALL TIME (clock)
The clock argument is a variable, array, array element, or character substring; it must be eight bytes long. After execution, clock contains the time in the format hh:mm:ss, where hh, mm, and ss are numerical values representing the hour, the minute, and the second.
The MVBITS routine transfers a bit field from one storage location to another; the format is as follows:
CALL MVBITS (source, sbit,length,destination ,dbit)
Arguments can be declared as INTEGER*2, INTEGER*4, or INTEGER*8. The following list describes each argument:
| Argument | Description |
| source | Integer variable or array element. Source location of bit field to be transferred. |
| sbit | Integer expression. First bit position in the field to be transferred from source. |
| length | Integer expression. Length of the field to be transferred from source. |
| destination | Integer variable or array element. Destination location of the bit field. |
| dbit | Integer expression. First bit in destination to which the field is transferred. |
The following sections provide an overview of the intrinsic functions added as extensions to FORTRAN 77.
SECNDS is an intrinsic routine that returns the number of seconds since midnight, minus the value of the passed argument; the format is as follows:
s = SECNDS( n)
After execution, s contains the number of seconds past midnight less the value specified by n. Both s and n are single-precision, floating point values.
RAN generates a pseudo-random number. The format is as follows:
v = RAN(s)
The argument s is an INTEGER*4 variable or array element. This variable serves as a seed in determining the next random number. It should initially be set to a large, odd integer value. You can compute multiple random number series by supplying different variables or array elements as the seed argument to different calls of RAN .
 | Caution: Because RAN modifies the s argument, calling the function with a constant value can cause a core dump. |
The algorithm used in RAN is the linear congruential method. The code is similar to the following fragment:
S = S * 1103515245L + 12345 RAN = FLOAT(IAND(RSHIFT(S,16),32767))/32768.0 |
RAN is supplied for compatibility with VMS. For demanding applications, use the functions described on the random reference page. These can all be called using techniques described under “Using %VAL” in Chapter 3.