The basic activation model mimics real-life button activation in that pressing on a button activates it. Clicking BSelect on the button must activate the button. <Select> or <Space> on a button with the focus must activate the button. <Enter> or <Return> on an activatable Menu entry with the focus must activate the entry. In explicit mode, clicking <Ctrl> BSelect on a traversable component should move the focus to it. In activatable components, it should have no other effect. In collections, it can change the cursored element or the selection as described in Section 4.1, "Selection Models."

An accelerator is a key or key combination that invokes the action of some component without the location cursor on the component when the accelerator is pressed. Accelerators are most commonly used to activate Menu items without first posting the Menu.

A mnemonic is a single character that can be associated with any component that contains a text label. When the location cursor is on a component within a Menu, a MenuBar, or the same field as a component with a mnemonic, typing the mnemonic character must move the location cursor to the component and activate it. If a mnemonic is used for an OptionButton, for a CascadeButton in a MenuBar, or a PushButton that is not in a basic group (that is, not in a Panel, a Menu, or a MenuBar), pressing <Alt> and the mnemonic anywhere in the window or its Menus must move the cursor to the component with that mnemonic and must activate it.

Some Menus have TearOffButtons as their first elements. A TearOffButton is like a PushButton with the special interaction of converting a Menu into a DialogBox; that is, tearing off the Menu from its CascadeButton. TearOffButtons must follow the basic activation model. TearOffButtons have a second activation mechanism. Once a Menu with a TearOffButton is posted, pressing BTransfer in the TearOffButton must start a tear-off action. As long as BTransfer is held, a representation of the Menu must follow the movements of the pointer. Releasing BTransfer must end the tear-off action by unposting the Menu system, creating a new window at the current pointer location with the contents of the Menu, and in explicit pointer mode give focus to the new window.

Pressing <Help> on a component must invoke any context-sensitive help for the component or its nearest ancestor with context-sensitive help available. Within DialogBoxes, context-sensitive help should provide help information on the DialogBox as a whole. <Shift> <Help> should invoke the context-sensitive help mode if it is available.

If the pointer is in an element with an inactive Popup Menu and the context of the element allows a Popup Menu to be displayed, BMenu Press must post (activate) the Menu in a spring-loaded manner, and clicking BMenu must post (activate) the Menu.

In a DialogBox, pressing <Enter> or <Return> (except in Text), or double-clicking BSelect must activate the default PushButton in the DialogBox. If the double-click is in a component used for making selections or choices, such as List or RadioBox, the element under the pointer must be selected or should be chosen before the default PushButton is activated.

Some elements, usually PushButtons and ToggleButtons, can have expert actions associated with them. BSelect Click 2 must activate any expert action for the element. Expert action should only be available in a Panel, and the expert action of all the buttons should be similar. The expert action should include the regular action of the component in a more global manner.

<Cancel> is available in most context to stop the current interaction, including canceling drag and drop operations, unposting TearOff Menus, canceling DialogBoxes, unposting Menu systems, and canceling scrolling operations.

Draws a separating line within windows, between Menu items, and between Panes of a PanedWindow. A Separator allows no application interaction.

Displays static text and images. A Label presents application information to users.

A button used to activate an operation. A PushButton contains a Label that indicates the operation of the button. The Label can contain text or an image.

A button used to display a Pulldown Menu. A CascadeButton contains a Label that indicates the Menu displayed. CascadeButtons can also contain an arrow graphic after the Label to distinguish it from PushButtons and to indicate the direction of the cascading Menu.

A button used to display an Option Menu. An Option Menu allows for a one-of-many selection. An OptionButton contains a Label that indicates the current state of the Option Menu, and a bar graphic to distinguish it from a PushButton.

A button with two states: on and off. A ToggleButton contains a Label that indicates the state of the ToggleButton when it is set. Normally, preceding the Label is a graphic indicator of the state of the ToggleButton.

A ToggleButton in a group of ToggleButtons where any number of the ToggleButtons can be on at a time. The graphic indicator for a CheckButton is usually a filled square to indicate the on state or an empty square to indicate the off state.

A ToggleButton in a group of ToggleButtons where only one of the ToggleButtons can be on at a time. The graphic indicator for a RadioButton is usually a filled diamond or circle to indicate the on state or an empty diamond or circle to indicate the off state.

A button used for tearing off a Menu to create a dialog representation of the Menu contents. A TearOffButton tears off a Menu in place when activated, or is dragged to tear off and move in one action. A TearOffButton usually contains a dashed line graphic representing perforations.

Organizes a collection of basic controls in a horizontal, vertical, or 2-dimensional layout. A Panel is usually composed of just one type of control.

Organizes a collection of buttons, labels, and separators in a horizontal, vertical, or 2-dimensional layout within a separate Menu window. There are three types of Menus: Pulldown, Popup, and Option. A Menu is only available while it is popped up or pulled down.

Organizes a collection of CascadeButtons in a horizontal layout at the top of a MainWindow.

Must provide any available help for the Canvas.

Must provide any available help for the CascadeButton.

Must arm the CheckButton. If the CheckButton was previously unset, it must show the CheckButton in the set state. If the CheckButton was previously set, it must show the CheckButton in the unset state.

If the release happens in the same CheckButton that the press occurred in:

In all cases the CheckButton must be disarmed, and, if the CheckButton is in a Menu, the Menu must be unposted.

If the CheckButton was previously unset, it should be set. If the CheckButton was previously set, it should be unset. If the CheckButton is in a window, the default action of the window should be activated.

If the CheckButton is in a window with a default action, the default action must be activated. If the CheckButton is in a Menu:

If the CheckButton was previously unset, it must be set. If the CheckButton was previously set, it must be unset. In both cases, the CheckButton must be disarmed, and, if the CheckButton is in a Menu, the Menu must be unposted.

Must provide any available help for the CheckButton.

Must indicate an affirmative response to a question posed in the DialogBox and then close the window. While Yes is not an active-voice label, it implies a positive response to a question in a QuestionDialog or a WarningDialog. Only use Yes if it is a clear answer to the question.

Must indicate a negative response to a question posed in the DialogBox and then close the window. While No is not an active-voice label, it implies a negative response to a question in a QuestionDialog. Only use No if it is a clear answer to the question.

Must cause the application to apply any changes and perform related actions specified by components in the DialogBox, and then dismiss the DialogBox. While OK is not an active-voice label, its usage is too common to change.

Should cause the current DialogBox to be closed without performing any of the actions specified by components in the DialogBox. This action is usually only available in DialogBoxes that provide status information such as a Working DialogBox. This label can also be used if the actions in the DialogBox cannot be reversed, in which case this label replaces Cancel after the first irreversible action is performed.

Must apply any changes and perform the related actions specified by the components in the DialogBox.

Must cause the task in progress to be attempted again. This action is commonly found in message boxes that report an error.

Must end the task in progress at the next possible breaking point. This action is commonly found in a Working DialogBox.

Must cause the task in progress to be paused. This action is commonly found in a Working DialogBox and should be used in combination with Resume.

Must cause a previously paused task to resume. This action is commonly found in a Working DialogBox and should be used in combination with Pause.

Must cancel any user changes that have not been applied to the application. It must also reset the status of the DialogBox to the state since the last time the DialogBox action was applied or to the initial state of the DialogBox.

Must close the DialogBox without performing any DialogBox actions not yet applied to the application. Pressing <Cancel> anywhere in the DialogBox, except during a cancelable drag operation, must perform the action of this button.

Must provide any help for the DialogBox.

Must reverse the most recently executed action. To provide a visual cue to the user, the Undo selection title should be dynamically modified to indicate what is being undone. For example, if the most recently executed action was a paste, the action name would be Undo paste. Your application should be able to undo all of the actions in the Edit Menu. This action must have the mnemonic U.

Must remove the selected portion of data from the client area to the clipboard. This action must choose the component to act on by following the rules in Section 4.2.2, "Operation Targets" for operations that act on selections. This action must have the mnemonic T.

Must copy the selected portion of data to the clipboard without removing the original data from the client area. This action must choose the component to act on by following the rules in Section 4.2.2, "Operation Targets" for operations that act on selections. This action must have the mnemonic C.

Must copy a link of the selected portion of data to the clipboard without removing the original data from the client area. This action must choose the component to act on by following the rules in Section 4.2.2, "Operation Targets" for operations that act on selections. This action must have the mnemonic K.

Must paste the contents of the clipboard into a client area. This action must choose the component to act on by following the rules in Section 4.2.2, "Operation Targets" for operations that do not act on selections. This action must have the mnemonic P.

Must paste a link of the data represented by the contents of the clipboard into a client area. This action must choose the component to act on by following the rules in Section 4.2.2, "Operation Targets" for operations that do not act on selections. This action must have the mnemonic L.

Must remove a selected portion of data from the client area without copying it to the clipboard. The remaining data is not compressed to fill the space that was occupied by the cleared data. This action must choose the component to act on by following the rules in Section 4.2.2, "Operation Targets" for operations that act on selections. This action must have the mnemonic E.

Must remove a selected portion of data from the client area without copying it to the clipboard. This action must choose the component to act on by following the rules in Section 4.2.2, "Operation Targets" for operations that act on selections. This action must have the mnemonic D.

Must make the primary selection consist of all the elements in a component of the client area. This action must choose the component to act on by following the rules in Section 4.2.2, "Operation Targets" for operations that do not act on selections. If the action uses an accelerator, it should be <Ctrl> </>.

Must remove from the primary selection all the elements in a component of the client area. This action must choose the component to act on by following the rules in Section 4.2.2, "Operation Targets" for operations that do not act on selections. If the action uses an accelerator, it should be <Ctrl> <\>.

Must make the primary selection consist of the last element or elements pasted into a component of the client area. This action must choose the component to act on by following the rules in Section 4.2.2, "Operation Targets" for operations that do not act on selections.

Must make the primary selection consist of the last selected element or elements in a component of the client area. This action must choose the component to act on by following the rules in Section 4.2.2, "Operation Targets" for operations that do not act on selections. The action must be available only in components that do not support persistent selections and only when the current selection is empty. If the action uses an accelerator, it should be <Alt> <Insert>.

Must promote to the primary selection the current selection of a component of the client area. This action must choose the component to act on by following the rules in Section 4.2.2, "Operation Targets" for operations that act on selections. This action must only be available for components that support persistent selections. If the action uses an accelerator, it should be <Alt> <Insert>.

Used to set the boundary between two components. A Sash is usually a small square on the boundary between two components. The separated components are called Panes, and a group of Panes, Separators, and Sashes is called a PanedWindow.

Used to set or display a value in a range. A Scale is usually composed of a slider, moving within an element that indicates the size of the range, and a Label that indicates the current value. The position of the slider indicates the value relative to the range. The slider is moved directly by using the mouse pointer or by using the arrow keys. A Scale can also have buttons with arrow graphics for moving the slider with the mouse.

Used to scroll the visible area of a component. A ScrollBar is usually composed of a slider, moving within an element that indicates the full size of the component, and buttons with arrow graphics for moving the slider with the mouse. The slider indicates the relative position and size of the visible area of the component. The slider is moved directly by using the mouse pointer or by using the arrow keys.

Used for selecting elements from a list of elements. A List can allow multiple items to be selected or can be constrained to allow only one item to be selected at a time. A List is usually composed of a vertical list of items. A List can also have both horizontal and vertical ScrollBars for scrolling the visible portion of the list of items.

Used for displaying, entering, and modifying text. There are single-line and multiple-line variants. Multiline Text can have both horizontal and vertical ScrollBars for scrolling the visible portion of the text area.

Used for displaying, entering, and modifying graphics. A Canvas can have both horizontal and vertical ScrollBars for scrolling the visible portion of the drawing area.

Must create a new file. The New operation must clear existing data from the client area. If completion of the operation will obliterate current changes to the file, you must display a DialogBox, asking the user about saving changes. This action must have the mnemonic N.

Must open an existing file. The Open operation must prompt the user for the name of the file with a DialogBox. The title bar should be updated with the name of the newly opened file. If completion of the operation will obliterate current changes to the file, you must display a DialogBox, asking the user about saving changes.

This DialogBox should be displayed after the user selects a new file. This action must have the mnemonic O.

Must save the currently opened file without removing the existing contents of the client area. If the currently opened file has no name, Save must prompt for a filename with a DialogBox. This action must have the mnemonic S.

Must save the currently opened file under a new name without removing the existing contents of the client area. The Save As operation must prompt for the name of the file with a DialogBox. If the user tries to save the new file under an existing name, Save As must alert the user with a DialogBox of a possible loss of data. This action must have the mnemonic A.

Must schedule a file for printing. If your application requires specific printing information before printing, the operation must first request that information with a DialogBox, and the entry title must be followed by an ellipsis. Printing information can also be specified for the application in the Options Menu. This action must have the mnemonic P.

Can be supplied in applications that have multiple independent primary windows. This action must not be supplied in applications with a single primary window or multiple dependent primary windows. This action must only close the current primary window and its associated secondary windows; that is, the window family. This action must have the mnemonic C. You can include this action even though it is similar to the Close action in the window Menu. This ensures that users have a way to close the primary window even if they are not running a compliant window manager. Applications should prompt the user to save any unsaved changes if the action would cause loss of data.

Must end the current application and all windows associated with it. This action is equivalent to closing all primary windows of the application. If completion of the operation will obliterate current changes to the file, you must display a DialogBox, asking the user about saving changes. This action must have the mnemonic X. You should include this action even though it is similar to the Close action in the window Menu. This ensures that users have a way to end the application even if they are not running a compliant window manager. Applications should prompt the user to save any unsaved changes if the action would cause loss of data. If your application does not have a File Menu, put Exit at the end of the first Pulldown Menu.

Draws framing decorations around a component.

Frames a component and adds ScrollBars for scrolling the visible area of the component.

Organizes the contents of a primary window. A MainWindow frames the client area and can optionally include ScrollBars, a MenuBar, a command area, and a message area.

Must initiate context-sensitive help by changing the shape of the pointer to the question pointer described in Section 2.2.2, "Pointer Shapes." When the user moves the pointer to the component help is wanted on and presses BSelect, any available context-sensitive help for the component must be presented, and the pointer reverts from the question pointer. This action must have the mnemonic C. If the action uses an accelerator, it should be <Shift> <Help>.

Must provide information on how to use the application's help facility. This action must have the mnemonic H.

Must provide general information about the window from which help was requested. This action must have the mnemonic W.

Must provide information about the application's use of function keys, mnemonics, and keyboard accelerators. This action must have the mnemonic K.

Must provide an index for all help information in the application. This action must have the mnemonic I. The index can provide search capabilities.

Must provide access to the application's tutorial. This action must have the mnemonic T.

Must provide the name and version of the application. This action must have the mnemonic V. It can provide other information as well.

Must initiate context-sensitive help by changing the shape of the pointer to the question pointer described in Section 2.2.2, "Pointer Shapes." When the user moves the pointer to the component help is wanted on and presses BSelect, any available context-sensitive help for the component must be presented, and the pointer reverts from the question pointer. This action should be followed by a separator. This action must have the mnemonic C. If the action uses an accelerator, it should be <Shift> <Help>.

Must provide general information about the application window from which help was requested. This action must have the mnemonic O.

Must provide an index for all help information in the application. This action must have the mnemonic I. The index can provide search capabilities.

Must provide information about the application's use of function keys, mnemonics, and keyboard accelerators. This action must have the mnemonic K.

Must provide access to the application's tutorial. This action must have the mnemonic T.

Must provide information on how to use the application's help facility. This action must have the mnemonic H.

Must provide the name and version of the application. This action must have the mnemonic P. It can provide other information as well.

In a left-to-right language environment, this key must move the location cursor through the icons in the icon box, starting at the upper-left icon and ending at the lower-right icon, then wrapping back up to the upper left. In a right-to-left language environment, the location cursor can move, starting at the upper right and moving to the lower left.

This key must move the location cursor through the icons in the opposite direction of <Right arrow>.

In a left-to-right language environment, this key must move the location cursor through the icons in the icon box, starting at the upper-left icon and ending at the lower-right icon, then wrapping back up to the upper left. In a right-to-left language environment, the location cursor can move, starting at the upper right and moving to the lower left.

This key must move the location cursor through the icons in the opposite direction of <Down arrow>.

Used for selection, activation, and setting the location cursor. This button must be the leftmost button, except for left-handed users where it can be the rightmost button.

Used for moving and copying elements. This button must be the middle mouse button, unless dragging is integrated with selection. Details about the effects of integrating BTransfer with BSelect are described in Chapter 4, "Selection."

Used for popping up Menus. This button must be the rightmost button, except for left-handed users where it can be the leftmost button.

Organizes a collection of components, including groups, in an arbitrary layout.

A linear grouping of components and Sashes. Sashes are used to set the boundary between two components. The separated components are called Panes and can contain any components.

Must move the location cursor to the first item in the List.

Must move the location cursor to the last item in the List.

Must move the location cursor to the previous item in the List.

Must move the location cursor to the next item in the List.

In a scrollable List, must move the location cursor to the item one page down in the List.

In a scrollable List, must move the location cursor to the item one page up in the List.

Must select the current List item and cause any default action for the window to occur.

In a scrollable List, must move the horizontal scroll region so that the leftmost edge of the List is visible.

In a scrollable List, must move the horizontal scroll region so that the rightmost edge of the List is visible.

In a scrollable List, must scroll the List one character to the left.

In a scrollable List, must scroll the List one page to the left.

In a scrollable List, must scroll the List one character to the right.

In a scrollable List, must scroll the List one page to the right.

Must provide any available help for the List.

The File Menu should contain components for performing actions on the files, such as opening, saving, closing, and printing. It should also contain components for performing actions on the application as a whole, such as quitting. If the Label File is not appropriate to the context of your application, you can choose a different, more appropriate Label. The File Menu should have a mnemonic of F.

The Selected Menu should contain components for performing actions on the objects represented by the current selection of the application, such as opening or printing a selected item. This Menu is often similar to the File Menu, except that it acts on the objects denoted by the current selection. For example, in a directory browser, Open in the File Menu could (using a DialogBox) prompt the user for the name of a directory to open for browsing, while Open in the Selected Menu opens the file whose icon is currently selected in the browser. The Selected Menu should not contain editing functions normally found in the Edit Menu. The Selected Menu should have a mnemonic of S.

The Edit Menu should contain components for performing actions on the current data of the application, such as an undo action or making global substitutions in a block of text. It should also include components for interacting with the system clipboard, such as cut, copy, and paste. The Edit Menu should have a mnemonic of E.

The View Menu should contain components for changing the user's view on the data. Components in the View Menu should not actually change the data. The exact contents of the View Menu are application specific but can include components that change the appearance of the data, the amount of data that is displayed, or the order in which the data is displayed. The View Menu should have a mnemonic of V.

The Options Menu should contain components for a user to customize the application. The exact contents of the Options Menu are application specific. The Options Menu should have a mnemonic of O.

The Help Menu should contain components that provide user help facilities. The components in the Help Menu usually bring up a DialogBox with help information. Every application should have a Help Menu. The Help Menu should have a mnemonic of H.

Must provide any available help for the current CascadeButton.

Must provide any available help for the Menu.

<Tab> (if not used for internal navigation) and <Ctrl> <Tab> must move the location cursor forward through fields. If the next field is a control, <Tab> (if not used for internal navigation) and <Ctrl> <Tab> must move the location cursor to that control. If the next field is a group, <Tab> (if not used for internal navigation) and <Ctrl> <Tab> must move the location cursor to a traversable component within the group. If the field contains a button that currently shows default highlighting, the location cursor should be placed on that button; otherwise, the first control in the field (the top-leftmost one in a left-to-right language environment) should get focus. If the next field contains no traversable components, <Tab> (if not used for internal navigation) and <Ctrl> <Tab> must skip the field.

<Shift> <Tab> (if not used for internal navigation) and <Ctrl> <Shift> <Tab> must move the location cursor backward through fields in the order opposite to that of <Tab> (if not used for internal navigation) and <Ctrl> <Tab>.

When used for component navigation within a field, in a left-to-right language environment, <Down arrow> must move the location cursor through all traversable controls in the field, starting at the upper left and ending at the lower right, then wrapping to the upper left. If the controls are aligned in a matrix-like arrangement, <Down arrow> must first traverse one column from top to bottom, then traverse the column to its right, and so on. In a right-to-left language environment, <Down arrow> must move the location cursor through all traversable controls, starting at the upper right and ending at the lower left.

This key can also be used for internal purposes within a component.

When used for component navigation within a field, <Up arrow> must move the location cursor through all traversable components or elements in the order opposite to that of <Down arrow>.

This key can also be used for internal purposes within a component.

When used for component navigation within a field, in a left-to-right language environment, <Right arrow> must move the location cursor through all traversable controls in the field, starting at the upper left and ending at the lower right, then wrapping to the upper left. If the controls are aligned in a matrix-like arrangement, <Right arrow> must first traverse one row from left to right, then traverse the row below it, and so on. In a right-to-left language environment, <Right arrow> must move the location cursor through all traversable controls, starting at the lower left and ending at the upper right.

This key can also be used for internal purposes within a component.

When used for component navigation within a field, <Left arrow> must move the location cursor through all traversable components or elements in the order opposite to that of <Right arrow>.

This key can also be used for internal purposes within a component.

This key can be used for component navigation within a field, following the same rules as <Down arrow>.It can also be used for internal purposes within a component. When <Down arrow> causes a change that is based on some unit, <Ctrl> <Down arrow> can cause a change based on a larger unit.

This key can be used for component navigation within a field, following the same rules as <Up arrow>.It can also be used for internal purposes within a component. When <Up arrow> causes a change that is based on some unit, <Ctrl> <Up arrow> can cause a change based on a larger unit.

This key can be used for component navigation within a field, following the same rules as <Right arrow>.It can also be used for internal purposes within a component. When <Right arrow> causes a change that is based on some unit, <Ctrl> <Right arrow> can cause a change based on a larger unit.

This key can be used for component navigation within a field, following the same rules as <Left arrow>.It can also be used for internal purposes within a component. When <Left arrow> causes a change that is based on some unit, <Ctrl> <Left arrow> can cause a change based on a larger unit.

If a control uses <Right arrow> and <Left arrow> for internal navigation, <Begin> must behave as follows:

In a left-to-right language environment, this action must move the location cursor to the leftmost edge of the data or the leftmost element. In a right-to-left language environment, this action must move the location cursor to the rightmost edge of the data or the rightmost element.

In a group that is a field, this key can move the location cursor to an appropriate control within the group.

If a control uses <Right arrow> and <Left arrow> for internal navigation, <End> must behave as follows:

In a left-to-right language environment, this action must move the location cursor to the rightmost edge of the data or the rightmost element. In a right-to-left language environment, this action must move the location cursor to the leftmost edge of the data or the leftmost element.

In a group that is a field, this key can move the location cursor to an appropriate control within the group.

If a control uses <Up arrow> and <Down arrow> for internal navigation, <Ctrl> <Begin> must move the location cursor to one of the following:

In a group that is a field, this key can move the location cursor to an appropriate control within the group.

If a control uses <Up arrow> and <Down arrow> for internal navigation, <Ctrl> <End> must move the location cursor to one of the following:

In a group that is a field, this key can move the location cursor to an appropriate control within the group.

In a vertically scrollable component, <PageDown> must scroll the visible region down by one page increment.

In a vertically scrollable component, <PageUp> must scroll the visible region up by one page increment.

In a horizontally scrollable component, <PageRight> or <Ctrl> <PageDown> must scroll the visible region to the right by one page increment.

In a horizontally scrollable component, <PageLeft> or <Ctrl> <PageUp> must scroll the visible region to the left by one page increment.

If the MenuBar is inactive, <F10> must traverse to the MenuBar system. The location cursor must be placed on the first traversable CascadeButton in the MenuBar. If there are no traversable CascadeButtons in the MenuBar, <F10> must do nothing. If the MenuBar system is active, <F10> should unpost all Menus in the MenuBar system. If <F10> is used to unpost all Menus in the MenuBar system and if the focus policy is explicit, the location cursor must be moved back to the component that had it before the Menu system was posted. <Shift> <Menu> must replace <F10> if <F10> is not available.

If the keyboard focus is on an element with an inactive Popup Menu and the context of the element allows a Popup Menu to be displayed, <Menu> must post (activate) the Popup Menu. The location cursor must be placed on the default item of the Menu, or the first traversable item if there is no default item. Note that the availability of the Popup Menu can depend on the location of the cursor within the element, the contents of the element, or the selection state of the element. If there are no traversable items in the Popup Menu, it is up to the system and the application whether to post the Menu or not.

If there is an active Popup Menu, <Menu> should unpost all Menus in the Popup Menu system. If <Menu> is used to unpost all Menus in the Popup Menu system and if the focus policy is explicit, the location cursor must be moved back to the component that had it before the Menu system was posted. <Shift> <F10> must replace <Menu> if <Menu> is not available.

Must move the focus to the next window in the window family.

Can move the focus to the previous window in the window family.

Must move the focus to the last window that had the input focus in the next window family in the window hierarchy.

Can move the focus to the previous window that had the input focus in the next window family in the window hierarchy.

Must post the associated Option Menu.

If the release is within the same OptionButton as the press:

If the release is outside of the OptionButton, the associated Option Menu must be unposted.

Must post the associated Option Menu.

Must unpost the last posted Menu in the Menu system without changing the value of the OptionButton.

Must provide any available help for the OptionButton.

Must display a properties DialogBox that the user can use to set the properties of the component. If the Menu is popped up over a selection, it can display the properties of the selection. If the Menu is popped up over an unselected item, it can display the properties of that item. If the Menu is popped up over the background, it should display the properties of the collection, except over a part of the background considered to be in the selection. This action should have the mnemonic S.

Must reverse the most recently executed action. To provide a visual cue to the user, the Undo selection title should be dynamically modified to indicate what is being undone. For example, if the most recently executed action was a paste, the action name would be Undo paste. This action should have the mnemonic U. This action should have the same accelerator as the corresponding entry in the Edit Menu.

Must move the contents of the primary selection to the component. This action must only be used in an editable component. If the action uses an accelerator, it should be <Alt> <Shift> <Delete>,<Alt> <Ctrl> <X>,or both. In addition, if the keyboard has a <Cut> key, this action should support <Alt> <Cut> as an accelerator. If more than one format can be moved from the primary selection, Primary Copy can cascade a Menu of possible transfer formats, in which case it should not have an accelerator.

Must copy the contents of the primary selection to the component. This action must only be used in an editable component. If the action uses an accelerator, it should be <Alt> <Ctrl> <Insert>,<Alt> <Ctrl> <C>,or both. In addition, if the keyboard has a <Copy> key, this action should support <Alt> <Copy> as an accelerator. If more than one format can be copied from the primary selection, Primary Copy can cascade a Menu of possible transfer formats, in which case it should not have an accelerator.

Must place a link to the primary selection in the component. This action must only be used in an editable component. If the link can be viewed in more than one way, Primary Link can cascade a Menu of possible viewing representations.

Must cut elements to the clipboard and can mark them for use in a subsequent Paste Link operation. If the Menu is popped up in a selection, the entire selection must be cut. If the Menu is popped up over an unselected element, just that element should be cut. If the Menu is popped up in the background, the entire collection can be cut. This action should have the mnemonic T.

Must copy elements to the clipboard and can mark them for use in a subsequent Paste Link operation. If the Menu is popped up in a selection, the entire selection must be copied. If the Menu is popped up over an unselected element, just that element should be copied. If the Menu is popped up in the background, the entire collection can be copied. This action should have the mnemonic C.

Must copy a link of elements to the clipboard and can mark them for use in a subsequent Paste Link operation. If the Menu is popped up in a selection, a link to the entire selection must be copied. If the Menu is popped up over an unselected element, a link to just that element should be copied. If the Menu is popped up in the background, a link to the entire collection can be copied. This action should have the mnemonic K.

Must paste the contents of the clipboard to the component. This action must only be used in an editable component. This action should have the mnemonic P. This action should have the same accelerator as the corresponding entry in the Edit Menu.

Must paste a link of the contents of the clipboard to the component. This action must only be used in an editable component. This action should have the mnemonic L.

Must remove a selected portion of data from the client area without copying it to the clipboard. If the Menu is popped up in a selection, it must delete the selection. If the Menu is popped up over an unselected element, it should delete that element. If the Menu is popped up over the background, except over a part of the background considered to be in the selection, it can delete all the elements. The remaining data is not compressed to fill the space that was occupied by the cleared data. This action should have the mnemonic E.

Must remove a selected portion of data from the client area without copying it to the clipboard. If the Menu is popped up in a selection, it must delete the selection. If the Menu is popped up over an unselected element, it should delete that element. If the Menu is popped up over the background, except over a part of the background considered to be in the selection, it can delete all the elements. This action should have the mnemonic D.

Must make the primary selection consist of all the elements in the collection with the Popup Menu. If the action uses an accelerator, it should be <Ctrl> </>.

Must deselect the current selection in the collection with the Popup Menu. If the action uses an accelerator, it should be <Ctrl> <\>.

Must make the primary selection consist of the last element or elements pasted into the collection with the Popup Menu.

Must make the primary selection consist of the last selected element or elements in the component with the Popup Menu. The action must be available only in components that do not support persistent selections and only when the current selection is empty. If the action uses an accelerator, it should be <Alt> <Insert>.

Must promote the current selection to the primary selection. This action must only be available in components that support persistent selections. If the action uses an accelerator, it should be <Alt> <Insert>.

There are two variants of persistent selections: persistent always, in which the current selection is always highlighted, and persistent on focus, in which the current selection is only highlighted when it is the primary selection or when the collection has the keyboard focus. In either case, stronger highlighting should be used when the current selection is also the primary selection. When focus is in the collection, <Alt> <Insert> can be used to promote the current selection to the primary selection.

The collection only highlights a primary selection. When the primary selection is lost to another collection, the current selection is set to empty. When focus is in the collection, and it does not have the primary selection, <Alt> <Insert> can be used to restore the previous selection and make it the primary selection.

In an editable collection, BTransfer Click, <Ctrl> BTransfer Click, <Alt> <Copy>,and <Alt> <Ctrl> <Insert> must copy the primary selection to the insertion position, as defined in Section 4.3, "Transfer Models." (Note that the insertion position is usually different for mouse and keyboard operations.)

In an editable collection, <Shift> BTransfer Click, <Alt> <Cut>,and <Alt> <Shift> <Delete> must move the primary selection to the insertion position, as defined in Section 4.3, "Transfer Models." (Note that the insertion position is usually different for mouse and keyboard operations.)

In an editable collection, <Ctrl> <Shift> BTransfer Click must place a link to the primary selection at the insertion position, as defined in Section 4.3, "Transfer Models."

Must arm the PushButton.

If the release is within the same PushButton as the press, BSelect Release must disarm the PushButton and activate it. If the release is outside of the PushButton, BSelect Release must disarm the PushButton without activating it.

If the PushButton is in a window with a default action, the PushButton must be activated. If the PushButton is in a Menu, this action must activate the PushButton and unpost the Menu.

Must activate the PushButton. If the PushButton is in a Menu, the Menu must be unposted.

Must provide any available help for the PushButton.

If a component supports quick transfer, <Alt> BTransfer Motion or <Alt> <Ctrl> BTransfer Motion must temporarily select elements in the specified range and, on release, must copy them to the insertion position of the destination component.

If a component supports quick transfer, <Alt> <Shift> BTransfer Motion must temporarily select elements in the specified range and, on release, must move them to the insertion position of the destination component.

If a component supports quick transfer, <Alt> <Ctrl> <Shift> BTransfer Motion must temporarily select elements in the specified range and, on release, must place a link to them at the insertion position of the destination component.

Must arm the RadioButton. If the RadioButton was previously unset, it must show the RadioButton in the set state.

If the release happens in the same RadioButton that the press occurred in and if the RadioButton was previously unset, it must be set, and any other RadioButton in the same Panel that was previously set must be unset. The RadioButton must be disarmed, and, if the RadioButton is in a Menu, the Menu must be unposted.

If the RadioButton was previously unset, it should be set, and any other RadioButton in the same Panel that was previously set should be unset. If the RadioButton is in a window, the default action of the window should be activated.

If the RadioButton is in a window with a default action, the default action must be activated. If the RadioButton is in a Menu:

If the RadioButton was previously unset, it must be set, and any other RadioButton in the same Panel that was previously set must be unset. The RadioButton must be disarmed, and, if the RadioButton is in a Menu, the Menu must be unposted.

Must provide any available help for the RadioButton.

Must cause the Sash to track the movement of the pointer. In a vertically oriented PanedWindow, the Sash must track the vertical position of the pointer. In a horizontally oriented PanedWindow, the Sash must track the horizontal position of the pointer.

Can cause the Pane in the initial direction of movement to track the movement of the pointer. In a vertically oriented PanedWindow, the Pane must track the vertical position of the pointer. In a horizontally oriented PanedWindow, the Pane must track the horizontal position of the pointer.

For a Sash that can move vertically, must cause the Sash to move in the specified direction one increment.

For a Sash that can move horizontally, must cause the Sash to move in the specified direction one increment.

For a Sash that can move vertically, can cause the Pane in the initial direction to move one increment in the specified direction.

For a Sash that can move horizontally, can cause the Pane in the initial direction to move one increment in the specified direction.

For a Sash that can move vertically, must cause the Sash to move in the specified direction one large increment.

For a Sash that can move horizontally, must cause the Sash to move in the specified direction one large increment.

For a Sash that can move vertically, can cause the Pane in the initial direction to move one large increment in the specified direction.

For a Sash that can move horizontally, can cause the Pane in the initial direction to move one large increment in the specified direction.

Must provide any available help for the Sash.

In an arrow button, this action must move the slider one increment in the direction of the side of the slider on which the button was pressed, and autorepeat until the button is released.

In the trough, if the Scale has tick marks, BSelect Press must move the slider one major tick mark in the direction of the side of the slider on which the trough was pressed, and autorepeat until the button is released. It can stop when the slider reaches the position of the pointer. If the Scale does not have tick marks, BSelect Press in the trough must move the slider one large increment in the direction of the side of the slider on which the trough was pressed, and autorepeat until the button is released. It can stop when the slider reaches the position of the pointer.

If the button is pressed in the slider, must cause the slider to track the position of the pointer. In a vertical Scale, the slider must track the vertical position of the pointer. In a horizontal Scale, the slider must track the horizontal position of the pointer.

In the slider trough or an arrow button, this action should move the slider to the end of the Scale on which the button was pressed.

In the trough, this action should directly position the slider to the position of the button press.

If the button is pressed in the slider or the trough, must directly position the slider to the point of the button press and then cause the slider to track the position of the pointer. In a vertical Scale, the slider must track the vertical position of the pointer. In a horizontal Scale, the slider must track the horizontal position of the pointer.

If a mouse-based sliding action is in progress, <Cancel> must cancel the sliding action and return the slider to its position prior to the start of the sliding operation.

For vertical Scales, this action must move the slider one increment down.

For vertical Scales, this action must move the slider one increment up.

For horizontal Scales, this action must move the slider one increment left.

For horizontal Scales, this action must move the slider one increment right.

For vertical Scales, this action must move the slider one large increment down.

For vertical Scales, this action must move the slider one large increment up.

For horizontal Scales, this action must move the slider one large increment left.

For horizontal Scales, this action must move the slider one large increment right.

Must move the slider to the minimum value.

Must move the slider to the maximum value.

Must provide any available help for the Scale.

In an arrow button, this action must move the slider one increment in the direction of the side of the slider on which the button was pressed, and autorepeat until the button is released.

In the trough, this action must move the slider one page in the direction of the side of the slider on which the trough was pressed, and autorepeat until the button is released. It can stop when the slider reaches the position of the pointer.

If the button is pressed in the slider, must cause the slider to track the position of the pointer. In a vertical ScrollBar, the slider must track the vertical position of the pointer. In a horizontal ScrollBar, the slider must track the horizontal position of the pointer.

In the slider trough or an arrow button, this action should move the slider to the end of the ScrollBar on which the button was pressed.

Can scroll the view so that the cursor within that view is positioned at the edge of the view region on the side of the ScrollBar on which the button was pressed.

In the trough, this action can directly position the slider to the position of the button press.

If the button is pressed in the slider or the trough, must directly position the slider to the point of the button press and then cause the slider to track the position of the pointer. In a vertical ScrollBar, the slider must track the vertical position of the pointer. In a horizontal ScrollBar, the slider must track the horizontal position of the pointer.

If a mouse-based scrolling action is in progress, <Cancel> must cancel the scrolling action and return the slider to its position prior to the start of the scrolling operation.

For vertical ScrollBars, this action must move the slider one increment down.

For vertical ScrollBars, this action must move the slider one increment up.

For horizontal ScrollBars, this action must move the slider one increment left.

For horizontal ScrollBars, this action must move the slider one increment right.

For vertical ScrollBars, this action must move the slider one large increment down.

For vertical ScrollBars, this action must move the slider one large increment up.

For horizontal ScrollBars, this action must move the slider one large increment left.

For horizontal ScrollBars, this action must move the slider one large increment right.

For vertical ScrollBars, this action must move the slider one page down.

For vertical ScrollBars, this action must move the slider one page up.

For horizontal ScrollBars, this action must move the slider one page left.

For horizontal ScrollBars, this action must move the slider one page right.

Must move the slider to the minimum value.

Must move the slider to the maximum value.

Must provide any available help for the ScrollBar.

Used to select a single element in a collection. Clicking BSelect on a deselected element selects it and deselects the previously selected element in the collection. Single selection is described in Section 4.1.1, "Mouse-Based Single Selection."

Used to allow browsing through single selection collections. Browse selection is also used to select a single element of a collection. Browse selection works just like single selection, but additionally allows the user to browse through the elements by dragging BSelect through the elements in the collection. Browse select highlights each element as it is traversed, and gives the application an opportunity to provide information about each element as it is highlighted. Releasing BSelect on an element selects it and deselects the previously selected element. Browse selection is described in Section 4.1.2, "Mouse-Based Browse Selection."

Used to select or deselect multiple elements of a collection. Clicking BSelect on an unselected element adds that element to the current selection. Clicking BSelect on a selected element removes that element from the current selection. Multiple selection is described in Section 4.1.3, "Mouse-Based Multiple Selection."

Used to select a contiguous range of elements in a collection. Clicking BSelect on an element selects the single element and deselects any previous selection. BSelect Motion over a range of elements selects all the elements within the range and deselects any previous selection. Range selection is described in Section 4.1.4, "Mouse-Based Range Selection."

Used for selecting multiple discontiguous ranges of elements in a collection. Clicking or dragging BSelect operates the same as for range selection. Discontiguous selection also allows <Ctrl> BSelect to be used to add new selection ranges to or remove selection ranges from the selection. Discontiguous selection is described in Section 4.1.5, "Mouse-Based Discontiguous Selection."

Must arm the TearOffButton.

If the release is within the same TearOffButton as the press, BSelect Release must disarm the TearOffButton and activate it. If the release is outside of the TearOffButton, BSelect Release must disarm the TearOffButton without activating it.

Must activate the TearOffButton and cause the newly torn off Menu or its representation to start to track the position of the pointer.

Must cause the newly torn off Menu or its representation to track the position of the pointer.

Must cause the newly torn off Menu or its representation to stop tracking the position of the pointer and become a torn off Menu.

Must activate the TearOffButton.

Must activate the TearOffButton.

Must provide any available help for the TearOffButton.

In multiline Text components, <Up arrow> must move the location cursor up one line. In single-line Text components, <Up arrow> must navigate upward to the previous component if the Text component is designed to act like a basic control.

In multiline Text components, <Down arrow> must move the location cursor down one line. In single-line Text components, <Down arrow> must navigate downward to the next component if the Text component is designed to act like a basic control.

Must move the location cursor left one character.

Must move the location cursor right one character.

In multiline Text components, <PageUp> must move the location cursor up one page.

In multiline Text components, <PageDown> must move the location cursor down one page.

Must move the location cursor left one page.

Must move the location cursor right one page.

In a Text component used generally to hold multiple words, must move the location cursor to the right by a word. That is, <Ctrl> <Right arrow> must place the location cursor before the first character that is not a space, tab, or newline character after the next space, tab, or newline character. In short single-line Text controls, <Ctrl> <Right arrow> can navigate rightward to the next component if the Text is designed to act like a basic control.

In a Text component used generally to hold multiple words, must move the location cursor to the left by a word. That is, <Ctrl> <Left arrow> must place the location cursor after the first space, tab, or newline character preceding the first previous character that is not a space, tab, or newline. In short single-line Text controls, <Ctrl> <Left arrow> can navigate leftward to the next component if the Text is designed to act like a basic control.

In multiline Text components, <Ctrl> <Down arrow> can optionally move the location cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph.

In multiline Text components, <Ctrl> <Up arrow> can optionally move the location cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph.

In a Text component used generally to hold multiple words, must move the location cursor to the beginning of the line.

In a Text component used generally to hold multiple words, must move the location cursor to the end of the line.

In multiline Text components, <Ctrl> <Begin> must move the location cursor to the beginning of the file.

In multiline Text components, <Ctrl> <End> must move the location cursor to the end of the file.

Must insert a space. Modifying these with <Ctrl> must evoke its normal selection function.

In multiline Text components, <Return> must insert a carriage return.

Must invoke the default action.

In multiline Text, <Tab> must be used for tabbing (either inserting a tab or moving to the next tab stop). In single-line Text, <Tab> must be used either for tabbing or to move to the next field. If <Tab> is used for tabbing and the location cursor is at the end of the text, <Tab> can optionally move to the next field. <Shift> <Tab>

must be used to move to the previous field if <Tab> is used to move to the next field. Otherwise, <Shift> <Tab> should be used for tabbing backward. If <Shift> <Tab> is used for tabbing backward and the location cursor is at the beginning of the text, <Shift> <Tab> can optionally move to the previous field.

Modifying <Tab> or <Shift> <Tab> with <Ctrl> must evoke the same field navigation function as <Tab> or <Shift> <Tab>.

When the selection is empty or when the component is in add mode with the cursor disjoint from the selection, <BackSpace> must delete one character backward. Otherwise, <BackSpace> must delete the selection.

When the selection is empty or when the component is in add mode with the cursor disjoint from the selection, <Delete> must delete one character forward. Otherwise, <Delete> must delete the selection.

When the selection is empty or when the component is in add mode with the cursor disjoint from the selection, <Ctrl> <Delete> can delete the character following the location cursor to the end of the line. Otherwise, <Ctrl> <Delete> can delete the selection.

If the Text component supports replace mode, must toggle between insert mode and replace mode.

By default, Text components must start in insert mode, where the location cursor is between two characters. In insert mode, typing a character must insert the character at the position of the location cursor. Text components can also implement replace mode, where the location cursor is on a character. In replace mode, typing a character must replace the current character with that newly entered character and move the location cursor to the next character, selecting it. Many of the requirements for a text-like collection in this guide assume that the collection is in insert mode and do not apply in replace mode.

Selects text a block at a time. A double-click must select text a word at a time. A triple-click can optionally select text a line or sentence at a time. Larger numbers of clicks can optionally select increasingly larger blocks of text.

Can drag out a new selection by blocks as described for BSelect Click 2+.

Can extend the selection to a block boundary as described for BSelect Click 2+

Can extend the selection by blocks as described for BSelect Click 2+.

If the Text component supports discontiguous selection, this can extend the discontiguous selection by blocks as described for BSelect Click 2+.

If the Text component supports discontiguous selection, this can drag out the discontiguous selection by blocks as described for BSelect Click 2+.

Must provide any available help for the Text control.

Restores a minimized or maximized window to the previous size and location of the window. This selection must be deemphasized (grayed out) when the window is in its normal state. This action must have the mnemonic R. If this action has an accelerator, it must be <Alt> <F5> if <F5> is available.

Moves a window around the workspace. This action must have the mnemonic M. If this action has an accelerator, it must be <Alt> <F7> if <F7> is available.

Changes the height and width of the window in the direction indicated by the pointer. This action must have the mnemonic S. If this action has an accelerator, it must be <Alt> <F8> if <F8> is available.

Changes a window into an icon. This action must have the mnemonic N. If this action has an accelerator, it must be <Alt> <F9> if <F9> is available.

Enlarges a window to its maximum size. This action must have the mnemonic X. If this action has an accelerator, it must be <Alt> <F10> if <F10> is available.

Moves a window to the bottom of the window hierarchy. This action can be omitted. This action must have the mnemonic L. If this action has an accelerator, it must be <Alt> <F3> if <F3> is available.

Closes a window and removes it from the workspace. This action must have the mnemonic C. If this action has an accelerator, it must be <Alt> <F4> if <F4> is available.